So far, the psychometric properties of PASE have not been evaluated in people with PD. ICC values for its subscales have also been reported for older people, although cognitive status was not mentioned: leisure time PA (0.56), household PA (0.94), and work-related PA (0.91). Test-retest reliability studies of PASE total score among older people without cognitive impairments reported ICC values ranging from 0.65 to 0.81. Although PASE includes sedentary activities, these are not included in the total score. It yields subscores for the three domains, which are summarized to a total PASE score (range, 0–360 or above). The different activities are weighted for estimated energy expenditure, with higher weights for more vigorous activities. It was developed for an elderly population (≥65 years) and includes questions on PA with lower energy consumption (e.g., gardening and walking). PASE includes 12 items (ordinal) that cover PA during the past 7 days in three different domains: (1) leisure, (2) household, and (3) work-related activities. Moreover, the psychometric properties of an instrument are sample dependent. Reliable and valid measures are required for use in clinical practice and research. For example, no specific PAQ is recommended in the European physiotherapy guidelines for PD. Knowledge of the psychometric properties of PAQs for people with PD is limited. For a comprehensive assessment of total PA, all domains of PA should be included in the questionnaire such as sports and household activities. PAQs are suitable for use in larger epidemiologic studies and are commonly used in clinical practice because they are easier and cheaper to administer than objective measures. Examples of subjective measures are PA questionnaires (PAQs) and PA diaries. Nevertheless, they have limitations in measuring PA without acceleration (e.g., bicycling), activities with higher energy consumption (e.g., climbing stairs), and when PA is performed in water such as swimming. Accelerometers are commonly used in research. Unlike pedometers, accelerometers can measure the intensity of PA. Examples of objective measures include accelerometers, pedometers, and heart frequency measurements. Such measures are not feasible in clinical practice. Criteria measures include measuring heat production, oxygen consumption, or production of carbon dioxide. PA can be assessed using criteria, objective and subjective measures.
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